{"id":674,"date":"2017-04-11T15:34:49","date_gmt":"2017-04-11T19:34:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mdocs.skidmore.edu\/crandallparktrees\/?page_id=674"},"modified":"2017-07-03T13:52:05","modified_gmt":"2017-07-03T17:52:05","slug":"nutrient-cycling","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/mdocs.skidmore.edu\/crandallparktrees\/ecosystem\/nutrient-cycling\/","title":{"rendered":"Nutrient Cycling"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"pl-674\"  class=\"panel-layout\" ><div id=\"pg-674-0\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-no-style\" ><div id=\"pgc-674-0-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-674-0-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"0\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<figure id=\"attachment_976\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-976\" style=\"width: 330px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/mdocs.skidmore.edu\/crandallparktrees\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/fig2.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-976\" src=\"http:\/\/mdocs.skidmore.edu\/crandallparktrees\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/fig2-300x272.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"330\" height=\"299\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-976\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nutrient Cycling<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pgc-674-0-1\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-674-0-1-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"1\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<h2>Summary<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">The nutrient cycle is a system where energy and matter are\u00a0transferred between living organisms and non-living parts of the environment. This occurs as animals and plants consume nutrients found in the soil, and these nutrients are then released back into the environment via death and decomposition. In forest environments, there is an exchange of nutrient elements such as hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen among the soil, plants and animals living within the environment.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pg-674-1\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-no-style\" ><div id=\"pgc-674-1-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-674-1-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"2\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t><h3 class=\"widget-title\">What are the Essential Nutrients?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.sswm.info\/category\/concept\/nutrient-cycle\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Non-mineral elements<\/a> make up 95% of the mass of all living organisms<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">The non-mineral elements are Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O)\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">These nutrients are often obtained from carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2<\/sub>) in the air and water (H<sub>2<\/sub>O)\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.sswm.info\/category\/concept\/nutrient-cycle\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Mineral Elements: Macronutrients and Micronutrients<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Macronutrients are chemical elements that plants need in large quantities to perform basic functions, and their availability can limit the growth of organisms.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">They include the elements (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg)\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Micronutrients are taken up in much smaller amounts than macronutrients, but are still vital for growth and metabolism.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">The micronutrients include boron (B), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), \u00a0manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pgc-674-1-1\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-674-1-1-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"3\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<figure id=\"attachment_1412\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1412\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/mdocs.skidmore.edu\/crandallparktrees\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/C-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1412\" src=\"http:\/\/mdocs.skidmore.edu\/crandallparktrees\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/C-1-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mdocs.skidmore.edu\/crandallparktrees\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/C-1-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/mdocs.skidmore.edu\/crandallparktrees\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/C-1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/mdocs.skidmore.edu\/crandallparktrees\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/C-1-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/mdocs.skidmore.edu\/crandallparktrees\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/C-1.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1412\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Micro and Macro Nutrients Involved in Nutrient Cycling<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pg-674-2\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-no-style\" ><div id=\"pgc-674-2-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-674-2-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"4\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<figure id=\"attachment_1325\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1325\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/mdocs.skidmore.edu\/crandallparktrees\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/DSC_5502.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1325\" src=\"http:\/\/mdocs.skidmore.edu\/crandallparktrees\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/DSC_5502-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mdocs.skidmore.edu\/crandallparktrees\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/DSC_5502-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/mdocs.skidmore.edu\/crandallparktrees\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/DSC_5502-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/mdocs.skidmore.edu\/crandallparktrees\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/DSC_5502-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/mdocs.skidmore.edu\/crandallparktrees\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/DSC_5502-272x182.jpg 272w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1325\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Forest Leaves<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pgc-674-2-1\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-674-2-1-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"5\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t><h3 class=\"widget-title\">Nutrient Cycling in Forest Ecosystems<\/h3>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">In forest environments, the nutrient cycle involves animals, plants, fungi and bacteria living above- and below-ground (the soil is alive!), as well as mineral components of soil, dead leaves and wood, and water from rain and snowfall. Trees and other plants take up mineral and non-mineral nutrients from the <a href=\"http:\/\/soilquality.org\/functions\/nutrient_cycling.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">soil <\/a>through their roots. These nutrients are stored in the leaves, flowers and other parts of plants. The nutrients are either transferred to animals when animals eat the plants or they are transferred back into the soil. For instance, when plants and animals die, arthropods, earthworms, fungi and bacteria in the soil break them down. Arthropods are insects such as mites. Arthropods and earthworms grind up the decaying material and they mix this material with the soil. Fungi can break apart some of the more complex compounds and break them down into smaller components. All of these organisms ultimately consume and respire much of the material back into carbon dioxide gas, which is why it disappears over time.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pg-674-3\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-no-style\" ><div id=\"pgc-674-3-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-674-3-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"6\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<h2>References<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Andrews, S. (2011, September 19). Nutrient Cycling. Retrieved April 03, 2017, from <a href=\"http:\/\/soilquality.org\/functions\/nutrient_cycling.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/soilquality.org\/functions\/nutrient_cycling.html<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Bernhard, A. (2010). The Nitrogen Cycle: Processes, Players, and Human Impact. Retrieved April 03, 2017, from <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/scitable\/knowledge\/library\/the-nitrogen-cycle-processes-players-and-human-15644632\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.nature.com\/scitable\/knowledge\/library\/the-nitrogen-cycle-processes-players-and-human-15644632<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Conradin, K. (2009). The Nutrient Cycle. Retrieved April 03, 2017, from <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sswm.info\/category\/concept\/nutrient-cycle\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.sswm.info\/category\/concept\/nutrient-cycle<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Hristovski, S. (2014)<em>\u00a0<\/em>Limitless decomposition in leaf litter of American beech: Patterns, nutrients\u2019 and heavy metal's dynamics. <em>Pedobiologia<\/em>. <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pedobi.2014.01.005\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pedobi.2014.01.005<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Image Credits<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.usgs.gov\/fs\/2009\/3078\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Carbon and Nutrient Cycling<\/a>: \u00a0Courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Micro and Macro Nutrients Involved in Nutrient Cycling: Copyright Perri Keehn<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Forest Leaves: Copyright Perri Keehn<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>SummaryThe nutrient cycle is a system where energy and matter are\u00a0transferred between living organisms and non-living parts of the environment. This occurs as animals and plants consume nutrients found in the soil, and these nutrients are then released back into the environment via death and decomposition. In forest environments, there is an exchange of nutrient elements such as hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen among the soil, plants and animals living within the environment.\u00a0 Non-mineral elements make up 95% of the mass of all living organismsThe non-mineral elements are Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O)\u00a0These nutrients are often obtained from carbon dioxide<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":0,"parent":242,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-templates\/template-full-width.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-674","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mdocs.skidmore.edu\/crandallparktrees\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/674","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mdocs.skidmore.edu\/crandallparktrees\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mdocs.skidmore.edu\/crandallparktrees\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mdocs.skidmore.edu\/crandallparktrees\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mdocs.skidmore.edu\/crandallparktrees\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=674"}],"version-history":[{"count":107,"href":"https:\/\/mdocs.skidmore.edu\/crandallparktrees\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/674\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3964,"href":"https:\/\/mdocs.skidmore.edu\/crandallparktrees\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/674\/revisions\/3964"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mdocs.skidmore.edu\/crandallparktrees\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/242"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mdocs.skidmore.edu\/crandallparktrees\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=674"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}